Investment
Bonds
Investment
bonds are non-qualifying single premium whole of life policies.
There is no fixed term to the investment. The money invested is
used to buy units in a selected fund. Most insurance companies
offer a wide range of funds from high to low risk - this includes
ethical funds. There
is an ability to switch between a wide range of geographical funds.
Usually the investor is allowed one free switch each year and
thereafter there is a fixed charge for each switch. The
bond has no fixed term so it can be encashed in whole or part
at any time, but may be subject to encashment penalties in the
early years. Hence, it is sensible to keep it in force for at
least 5 years to recoup the initial charges. From an on-going
administration point of view, an investment bond is simple to
operate, since you do not have to be concerned about dividend
vouchers and complications on your tax return.
Investment
bonds enjoy taxation advantages over other investments. Income
paid out by the bond is deemed by HM Revenue & Customs to
be net of basic rate income tax- hence the basic rate tax payer
has no further tax to pay. The funds themselves benefit from being
free from capital gains and income tax, provided you are the owner
of the investment bond. It is possible to take a regular income
by encashment of units- withdrawals of up to 5% of the initial
investment amount (for the first 20 years, or until the original
capital invested is returned if withdrawals of less than 5% per
annum are taken), tax deferred. If the value of the withdrawals
you receive exceeds 5% (cumulative) of the original investment
amount, you will be taxed at your highest marginal rate of income
tax on the amount above 5%. If you are a higher rate taxpayer,
you would be taxed at 40%, less the basic rate of tax on savings
deemed to have been paid already at 20%. If a bond is fully cashed
in, there may be a liability for income tax on any amount over
and above the level of your original investment, in other words
the growth. On full or partial encashment, a chargeable event
will occur. If you are close to the higher rate band this may
give rise to a charge to higher rate income tax. If the gain has
been made over a number of years, the gain is divided by the number
of years the policy has been in force. This process is known as
“top slicing”. Provided the “slice” does
not put you into the higher rate tax band, there is no further
tax to pay as the insurance company has already paid tax on the
fund. This process of top slicing is efficient from a taxation
point of view, since you are only taxed when a chargeable event
occurs, as opposed to being taxed each year, at source, as you
would be for savings interest or share dividends.
Investment
bonds are not considered suitable for non-taxpayers- since they
are unable to reclaim the basic rate tax deducted from the bond.
However, if the non tax payer is married and the spouse is a higher
rate taxpayer, it creates a valuable tax planning opportunity.
This is because the investment bond can be transferred by means
of a deed of assignment by the higher rate taxpayer to the non
taxpaying spouse prior to triggering a "chargeable event",
such as full encashment. This would mean that further liability
to income tax can be avoided.
For
older clients, investment bonds have an additional advantage in
that income withdrawals up to 5% per annum of the original sum
invested are disregarded when calculating income which would reduce
a person's age-related allowances. This gives bonds an important
advantage when compared to any other source of income. Hence an
investment bond can be a very useful vehicle when used in conjunction
with pensions for retirement planning. This is particularly the
case for individuals who are currently higher rate taxpayers,
but expect to become basic rate taxpayers when they retire. Even
if you and any spouse are a higher rate taxpayer in retirement,
you can still withdraw 5% of the original amount invested for
up to 20 years without incurring a further tax liability. Since
the allowance is cumulative, you could withdraw 4% per annum for
25 years. This ability to carry forward unused relief means that
a bond holder who has not used their 5% withdrawals for a year,
can withdraw up to 10% in the second year with no immediate liability
to taxation- regardless of their tax position.
If
you know which investment bond you require and do not need any
advice, we are pleased to offer you access to investment bond
funds at heavily reduced prices. This is possible through our
fund supermarket, where some of the leading managed insurance
funds can be accessed via our portfolio bond. The Key Benefits
to investing in our Portfolio Bond include the following: